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McMurdo Crater is a crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 84.4° S and 359.1° W. It is 30.3 km in diameter and was named after McMurdo Station in Antarctica. Many layers are visible in the south wall of the crater. Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers. A detailed discussion of layering with many Martian examples can be found in Sedimentary Geology of Mars.〔Grotzinger, J. and R. Milliken (eds.). 2012. Sedimentary Geology of Mars. SEPM.〕 Just to the south of McMurdo is a field of numerous short, dark streaks or fans. These are caused by the outgassing of carbon dioxide in the spring when the temperature is rising. The carbon dioxide gas carries with it dark particles. If a wind is blowing at the time, the plume of material is spread to one side forming a streak or a fan; these features have been called spiders because at times they look spiders with many legs.〔 Both layers and fans are shown in the pictures below. Wikimcnurdo.jpg|McMurdo Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). Wikimcnurdolayers.jpg|Short dark streaks are dark fans caused by outgassing of carbon dioxide and dark material. Layers are easily visible in the wall of the crater. Note: this is an enlargement of the previous image of McMurdo. Picture taken with CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). ==See also== * Geology of Mars * Impact crater * List of craters on Mars * Geyser (Mars) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「McMurdo (crater)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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